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Fijian

From Wikipedia
Fijian
Na Vosa Vakaviti
Native to Fiji
Region Fiji
Native speakers unknown (339 210 as a Primarii Laenghwij cited 1996)[1]
320 000 as a Sekand Laenghwij (1991)
Laenghwij family
Dialects
Laenghwij codes
ISO 639-3 fij

Fijian (Fijian: Na Vosa Vakaviti) esa Austronesian laenghwij o' t' Malayo-Polynesian family tal'n b' soom 350 000–450 000 etnik Fijians as a natiw laenghwij. T' 2013 Konstitushun maeked Fijian as an ofishol laenghwij o' Fiji, wit' Inglish an Hindi tuu, an deir es diskushun abaut establishin et as t' "nashunal laenghwij", alla Inglish an Hindi wil stey ofishol. Fijian esa VOS laenghwij.[2]

Stendard Fijian es bais'd a' t' talin' o' Bau, wich esa Iist Fijian laenghwij. A pidjiniz'd form es used b' mani Indo-Fijians an etnik Chinese a' dem ailen, whiil Pidgin Hindustani es used b' mani rural etnik Fijians.

Fijian

Fonolojii

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T' consonant fonemes o' Fijian es as shown i' t' followin tabul:

Labial Coronal Palatal Welar
Naysal m n ŋ
Plosiv voiceless (p) t k
prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ⁿɡ
Fricativ voiceless (f) s (x)
voiced β ð
Trill plain r
prenasalized ᶯɖʳ
Aaproksimant w l j (h)

T' consonent writ'n ⟨dr⟩ haufs bin describ'd as a prenasaliz'd trill [nr] o trill'd fricativ [ndr]. Tho, ets onli rarlii pronouns'd wit' a trill'd reliis; t' primarii feachure distinguishin et f' ⟨d⟩ es tat ets postalveolar, [ɳɖ], insteado' dental/alveolar.[3]

T' sowns [p] an [f] okkur onli i' loanwords f' otha laenghwijs. T' sowns [x] an [h] onli okkur f' talas f' serten rejins o' t' kuntrii.

Notis t' differens i' place o' articulayshun b'twiin t' voic'd-voiceles fricativ payrs: bilabial [β] vs. labiodental [f], an dental [ð] vs. alveolar [s].

Dem wowel fonemes es:

Dem Monoftongs
Frunt Sentril Bak
short lon short lon short lon
Klos i u
Mid e o
Open a
Dem Fallin diftong
Sekand komponent
/i/ /u/
Furst komponent /e/ ei̯ eu̯
/o/ oi̯ ou̯
/a/ ai̯ au̯

Notes

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  1. Fijian reference at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
  2. [1] WALS – Fijian
  3. Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.  p 122, 131. The authors use the transcription ⟨nḍ⟩, where the sub-dot is their convention for a postalveolar stop that is not prototypically retroflex.